From a long-term operational perspective, the slope design of steel pipe direct-buried pipe needs to take into account both initial investment and total life cycle cost.
To slow down the aging of PPR pure plastic pipes, comprehensive measures should be taken from three aspects: material selection, installation specifications, and use and maintenance.
In centralized heating, hot spring transportation, chemical processes, and high-end building HVAC systems, pipeline reliability directly impacts energy efficiency, operational safety, and maintenance costs.
When installing PVC threaded penetration pipes in damp areas, ventilation design can be incorporated to reduce moisture buildup.
In hot and cold water supply systems for residential, commercial, and public buildings, the reliability, hygiene, and construction efficiency of pipe materials directly affect building quality and user health.
While PVC threaded penetration pipes do not completely surpass metal sleeves in fire resistance, their self-extinguishing properties after flame-retardant modification, excellent synergy with fire-stopping materials, and the low-smoke and low-toxicity cha